Cloud Powering DH Research

Computers often have an IP on a LAN and connect to the Internet through a router

You can see what your computer’s IP is by using either ipconfig on windows or ifconfig on linux or Mac

You can see your computer’s public IP using the site ipv4.icanhazip.com

Ports allow computers and routers to differentiate types network traffic

Elasticity refers to the ability to scale devices up or down to meet demand.

A Virtual Machine or Virtual Device is simulated with software running on physical hardware.

A cloud allows one to borrow or rent virtual devices on-demand.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the service provider provides you with the ability to create and manage virtual devices. You have complete control over VM configuration.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): the service provider provides you with an environment to build and setup your software.

Software as a Service (SaaS): the service provider provides the software and all the infrastructure and operating system configuration and management required to run the software. (e.g. gmail).

OpenStack is a cloud operating system which allows you to manage your virtual devices.

A shell is a text based method for interacting with a computer.

SSH is a Secure SHell that allows remote interaction with a computer.

An SSH key pair allows a user to be authenticated on a remote computer.

The flavor of a VM prescribes the hardware profile of the VM.

A boot source specifies from what the VM should boot.

A public key must be inject into the VM in order to connect to it.

A floating IP must be added to a VM to connect to it from outside the local network in the cloud.

Port 22 must be opened in the security rules to allow SSH to connect to the VM.

p flavors can have their CPUs oversubscribed by up to 8 times.

A volume is like a virtual hard drive and allows its contents to persist from one VM to the next.

p flavors should typically boot from a volume.

A p flavor not booted from a volume will have a very small root disk

Use sudo apt update to update the package list.

Use sudo apt upgrade to upgrade packages.

Reboot after updates have been installed.

You may need to repeat the apt update, apt upgrade, reboot process a few times to ensure all updates have been applied.

Use apt search to find a specific package name.

Backup configuration files before making changes.

The apache2ctrl command is used to manage the apache web service.

The systemctl command is used to manage system services.

MySQL also has a ‘root’ account that is used to manage the MySQL server, this is different from the operating system ‘root’ account used to manage the operating system.

The mysql command allows you to view and modify MySQL databases.

The SHOW DATABASES command shows the available databases in your MySQL server.

The USE command switches which database you actively working with.

The SHOW TABLES command shows the tables in the active database.

The DESCRIBE <table> command displays data columns present in the given table.

The SELECT command displays rows from a table.

The UPDATE command is used to modify rows in a table.

The EXIT command exits the mysql program.

The CL client can be used to manager your OpenStack project from any computer connected to the Internet.

The OpenStack RC file provides settings to connect the CL client with your cloud project.

The source command is used to apply settings in a file to your shell environment.

openstack help shows the list of available commands.

openstack help <command-group> shows the list of sub commands matching <command-group>.

openstack help <command-group> <command> shows the help text for <command>.

It is important to keep track of the volume disk type.

User data provided to a VM can be either a cloud-config or script file.

User data can be set using the --user-data on the command line or using the Post-Creation tab when launching a VM within horizon.

Cloud-init can be used to automate the initial installation of configuration of software

Cloud-init runs once after the first boot of a newly crated VM

A for loop executes commands multiple times while changing the loop variable each iteration.

A stream is a sequence of data elements which are made available over time.

The echo command sends a string to a stream.

The head command displays the begging of a file or stream.

Pipes | are used to pipe the output of one command to the input of the next.

tr translates characters in one set to corresponding characters in another set.

Redirects <,> are used to redirect output and input to files or streams.

sed is a stream editor which can be used to replace one string with another in a stream.

YAML is a format to store data in a way that is human readable.

A YAML file can be validated using yamllint.

White space is important in YAML.

Indentation indicates scope.

Block notation (indicated with a |) is used to preserver newline characters.

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